R.K. Merton MCQs

R.K. Merton Hard MCQs (Hindi + English)

Q1. Chronologically, arrange the following works of R.K. Merton.
कालानुक्रम में R.K. Merton की रचनाओं को व्यवस्थित करें:

1. Social Structure and Anomie (1968)

2. Theories of Middle Range (1957)

3. Science and Democratic Social Structure (1942) → Theories of Middle Range (1957) → Social Theory and Social Structure (1964)

4. Social Theory and Social Structure (1964)

Explanation: Merton’s earliest major work was “Science and Democratic Social Structure” (1942), followed by “Middle Range Theories” (1957), and later “Social Theory and Social Structure” (1964).

Q2. Which concept was coined by Merton?
कौन-सा सिद्धांत Merton द्वारा प्रतिपादित किया गया था?

Dramaturgy / नाटकीय दृष्टिकोण

Self-fulfilling Prophecy / आत्म-सिद्ध भविष्यवाणी

Looking Glass Self / दर्पण में आत्म

Definition of the Situation / स्थिति की परिभाषा

Explanation: Merton coined the term 'Self-fulfilling Prophecy' to explain how a belief or expectation can bring about its own realization.

Q3. Which best describes Merton’s strain theory?
Merton के तनाव सिद्धांत को सबसे अच्छे से क्या दर्शाता है?

Role Conflict in Society / समाज में भूमिका संघर्ष

Disjunction between cultural goals and institutional means / सांस्कृतिक लक्ष्यों और साधनों के बीच अंतर

Social Control over Deviants / विचलितों पर सामाजिक नियंत्रण

Breakdown of Norms / मानदंडों का टूटना

Explanation: Merton’s strain theory emphasizes the tension between socially approved goals and the means available to achieve them.

Q4. Which adaptation mode accepts goals but rejects means?
कौन-सा प्रकार लक्ष्य को स्वीकार करता है लेकिन साधनों को अस्वीकार करता है?

Ritualism / औपचारिकता

Retreatism / सन्यासवाद

Innovation / नवाचार

Conformity / अनुरूपता

Explanation: In 'Innovation', individuals accept societal goals but use illegitimate means to achieve them.

Q5. What does 'middle range theory' focus on?
‘मध्य स्तरीय सिद्धांत’ किस पर केंद्रित होता है?

Specific phenomena between minor hypotheses and all-inclusive theory / विशिष्ट सामाजिक घटनाएं

Psychological study of deviance / विचलन का मनोवैज्ञानिक अध्ययन

Ethical principles of sociology / समाजशास्त्र के नैतिक सिद्धांत

Macro-level revolutionary change / व्यापक क्रांतिकारी परिवर्तन

Explanation: Middle-range theories focus on limited aspects of social phenomena, bridging abstract theory and empirical research.

Q6. Which concept is NOT associated with Merton?
निम्न में से कौन-सा सिद्धांत Merton से संबंधित नहीं है?

Role-set / भूमिका समूह

Collective Consciousness / सामूहिक चेतना

Anomie / अराजकता

Reference Group / संदर्भ समूह

Explanation: ‘Collective Consciousness’ is associated with Emile Durkheim, not Merton.

Q7. Merton's paradigm of deviance includes how many modes?
Merton के विचलन प्रतिमान में कितने प्रकार होते हैं?

4

5

6

3

Explanation: Merton identified 5 modes: Conformity, Innovation, Ritualism, Retreatism, and Rebellion.

Q8. The term “Role-set” was introduced in:
“Role-set” शब्द किसने और किस लेख में प्रस्तुत किया?

Social Structure and Anomie

Bureaucratic Structure

The Role-Set: Problems in Sociological Theory (1957)

Manifest and Latent Functions

Explanation: Merton introduced the concept of Role-set in his 1957 paper to describe multiple roles associated with a single status.

Q9. Manifest and Latent functions are used to:
प्रत्यक्ष और अप्रत्यक्ष कार्यों का उद्देश्य है:

Define social norms

Analyze intended and unintended consequences / इच्छित और अनपेक्षित परिणामों का विश्लेषण

Explain social stratification

Understand collective behavior

Explanation: Manifest functions are intended; latent functions are unintended effects of social actions.

Q10. Merton was a student of:
Merton किसके शिष्य थे?

Talcott Parsons

Auguste Comte

Emile Durkheim

Karl Marx

Explanation: Merton studied under Talcott Parsons at Harvard University.

यदि आप Sociology की तैयारी कर रहे हैं, तो हमारे निम्न ग्रुप्स से जुड़ें:

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